This study investigates how wire stick-out, torch angles and inter-wire spacing affect weld-bead geometry in multi-wire submerged arc welding. In three-, four- and five-wire experiments, current, voltage and travel speed are held constant while penetration, bead width and height, dilution, HAZ and shape factors are evaluated. A fractional-factorial design identifies the significance of individual parameters and their interactions.

The full study is available through the source link.

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